Veterinary pathologists are involved in study design and data interpretation for gross, clinical, anatomical, and histological pathology in the fields of pharmaceutical, industrial and agrochemical, environmental, medical device, and academic toxicology. In these roles, veterinary pathologists have the opportunity to speak to key replacement, reduction, and refinement (the 3 R’s) techniques. While involvement in animal welfare efforts may appear peripheral at first glance, veterinary clinical and anatomic pathologists are well positioned to initiate pathology focused conversations. This presentation will discuss areas within toxicology where the veterinary pathologist’s perspective is relevant and may maximize animal value, including influence on regulatory guidance, study design, optimizing sample collection, and endpoint determination. A question/answer session focused on personal examples of 3R’s opportunities will follow.